Improving Tourism Policy for Sustainable Practices and Waste Reduction: The Evidence from Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan

Abstract:

Japan is widely recognized for its environmental consciousness and high standards of cleanliness; however, rapid tourism growth has created new sustainability challenges, particularly in peripheral island destinations. This study examines how tourism policies can be improved to encourage sustainable tourism practices and address garbage-related problems, using Ishigaki City in Okinawa Prefecture as a case study. Drawing on field observations, interviews, policy documents, and local initiatives, the paper analyses current tourism and waste-management policies, identifies institutional and practical gaps, and highlights promising practices implemented by hotels, local government, and civil society. The findings demonstrate that while Ishigaki has adopted elements of sustainable tourism aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), increasing tourist numbers—primarily through cruise tourism—have intensified waste pressures. The balance between preserving Ishigaki's unique natural beauty and cultural identity and achieving economic growth through increased hotel numbers has been reflected in efforts to develop sustainable tourism. Local authorities and stakeholders are increasingly recognizing the importance of implementing policies that encourage responsible tourism practices to address the pressing waste issues arising from the increasing number of visitors. The paper argues that integrated waste-management strategies, more substantial incentives for tourism businesses, and enhanced visitor education are essential to balancing environmental protection with economic development. The Japanese experience offers transferable policy lessons for other tourism-dependent regions, including Uzbekistan.

Keywords: sustainable tourism, waste management, SDGs, Okinawa Island, Ishigaki City, tourism policy.